Venous Hypertension: Understanding Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

What is Venous Hypertension?

Venous hypertension is a condition where increased pressure in the veins, particularly in the lower extremities, leads to venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and chronic venous disease. It occurs when the valves in the veins fail to function properly, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure within the veins. This condition can lead to various complications if left untreated, affecting circulation and overall vascular health.

Venous Hypertension vs. Venous Insufficiency

Venous hypertension and venous insufficiency are closely related but distinct conditions. Venous hypertension refers specifically to elevated blood pressure in the veins due to dysfunctional venous valves or obstruction. Venous insufficiency, on the other hand, is the inability of veins to effectively return blood to the heart, often as a consequence of venous hypertension. While venous hypertension contributes to venous insufficiency, the latter manifests with symptoms such as swelling, skin discoloration, and venous ulcers.

Venous Hypertension Symptoms

Symptoms of this condition can vary in severity, depending on the extent of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Swelling in the legs and ankles
• A sensation of tiredness or heaviness in the legs
• Pain or ache in the affected areas
• Development of varicose veins
• Skin discoloration, particularly around the lower legs and ankles
• Itching or burning sensations
• Leg ulcers, especially in advanced cases
• Increased sensitivity in the lower legs
• A sensation of tightness or cramping in the calves, particularly after long periods of standing or sitting

Venous Hypertension Causes and Risk Factors

Following factors can play a role in the development of this condition:

• Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): When veins struggle to return blood to the heart, venous pressure increases.
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): The formation of blood clots in deep veins can block blood flow, resulting in elevated pressure.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on the veins, increasing the likelihood of venous dysfunction.
• Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Jobs or lifestyles requiring extended periods of standing or sitting can impair circulation, causing this condition.
• Aging: Vein walls and valves weaken over time, making older adults more susceptible.
• Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can contribute to venous pressure.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of venous diseases increases the risk.
• Smoking: Tobacco use damages blood vessels, making veins more susceptible to hypertension.
• Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyles reduce proper blood circulation, contributing to venous pressure buildup.

Potential Complications of Venous Hypertension

If not treated, this condition can result in serious complications, including:

• Chronic Venous Ulcers: Non-healing wounds due to prolonged venous pressure.
• Lipodermatosclerosis: Skin thickening and hardening due to chronic inflammation.
• Venous Stasis Dermatitis: Skin irritation and inflammation caused by poor circulation.
• Increased Risk of DVT: Blood clots may form, leading to life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism.
• Skin Infections: Prolonged venous ulcers increase the risk of bacterial infections, which may require intensive medical treatment.

Venous Hypertension Treatment

Effective treatment of venous hypertension aims to reduce venous pressure, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatment options include:

1. Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT):

EVLT is a minimally invasive procedure that uses laser energy to close diseased veins. A catheter is inserted into the affected vein, and heat is applied to collapse the vein, redirecting blood flow to healthier veins. This treatment is highly effective and has a short recovery period.

2. Sclerotherapy:

Sclerotherapy involves injecting a specialized solution into the affected veins, causing them to collapse and gradually disappear. It is commonly used for smaller varicose and spider veins and is an effective outpatient procedure with minimal downtime.

3. Microphlebectomy:

Microphlebectomy is a surgical technique used to remove large varicose veins through small incisions. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia and provides immediate symptom relief, improving venous circulation.

4. Compression Therapy:

Compression stockings help improve circulation by applying gentle pressure to the legs, preventing blood from pooling in the veins. This method is particularly effective in reducing swelling and discomfort associated with this condition.

5. Lifestyle Modifications:

Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and elevating the legs when resting can significantly improve venous circulation and alleviate symptoms.